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铅是一种多亲和性毒物,主要损害中枢神经系统,尤其是发育中的大脑。儿童血铅目前公认没有安全阈值,血铅水平仅用于界定是否需要实施干预措施。儿童铅中毒已成为一个全球性的公共安全问题。随着我国近年来对环境铅污染的治理,儿童铅中毒防治取得了实质性进步。儿童铅中毒重在预防,健康教育和减少铅暴露机会为主,排铅治疗为辅。驱铅主要药物目前仍是沿用了数十年的金属络合剂,儿童用药安全性尚存争议。经口暴露作为儿童铅摄入的主要途径,阻断铅消化道吸收有望成为儿童铅中毒防治的新举措之一。
Lead is a multi-parental poison that harms the central nervous system, especially the developing brain. Child blood lead is currently recognized as having no safety threshold, and blood lead levels are only used to define whether interventions need to be implemented. Lead poisoning in children has become a global public safety issue. With the treatment of environmental lead pollution in our country in recent years, substantial progress has been made in the prevention and control of childhood lead poisoning. Lead poisoning in children focuses on prevention, health education and reduce lead exposure, supplemented by lead treatment. Lead-driven main drugs are still used for decades of metal complexing agent, drug safety of children is still controversial. Oral exposure as a lead intake of children as the main way to block the absorption of lead in the digestive tract is expected to be one of the new measures to prevent lead poisoning in children.