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目的了解重庆80岁以上老人日常活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)及常见慢性非传染性疾病(chronic non-communicable diseases,NCD)患病现状,为高龄老人健康管理提供依据。方法使用《全国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查65岁及以上老人问卷(2011)》,对自1998年参与《中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查》存活至2011年调查时的高龄老人进行问卷调查,重点分析ADL及现患NCD情况。结果共调查80岁及以上老人227名,100岁以上老人42人(18.5%),90~99岁老人92人(40.5%),80~89岁老人93人(41.0%)。不同年龄、不同居住地老人洗澡需他人帮助比例不同(X21=13.60,P1=0.001;X22=6.89,P2=0.032),百岁老人洗澡需帮助比例高于80~89岁老人(X2=13.01,P<0.001);百岁老人成功逃脱癌症、帕金森氏病,且高血压、关节炎患病率低于80~89岁老人(X21=4.61,P1=0.032;X22=6.24,P2=0.012)。城市老人糖尿病患病率(12.5%)高于非城市老人(2.3%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。结论尽管百岁老人洗澡需他人帮助更多,但高血压、关节炎等患病率反而较低,可能存在“疾病压缩”(disease compression)现象。
Objective To understand the prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in elderly people over 80 years old in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for the health management of the elderly. Methods A questionnaire survey of elderly people aged 65 and above (2011) was conducted to follow up the “National Elderly Health Influencing Factors Survey” (2011). The questionnaire survey was conducted on elderly elderly people who participated in the “Follow-up Investigation on Influencing Factors of Elderly Health in China from 1998 to 2011” ADL and current NCD situation. Results Totally 227 80-year-old and older, 42 (18.5%) aged over 100, 92 (40.5%) aged 90-99 and 93 (41.0%) aged 80-89 were investigated. The proportion of elders bathing at different ages and residences was different from that of others (X21 = 13.60, P1 = 0.001; X22 = 6.89, P2 = 0.032) P <0.001). The centenarians escaped from cancer and Parkinson’s disease, and the prevalence of hypertension and arthritis was lower than that of the elders aged 80-89 (X21 = 4.61, P1 = 0.032; X22 = 6.24, P2 = . The prevalence of diabetes in urban elderly (12.5%) was higher than that of non-urban elderly (2.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Conclusion Although centenarians need more help from others to take a bath, the prevalence of high blood pressure, arthritis and the like is lower and there may be “disease compression”.