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2.5 颅内压增高的治疗 2.5.1 药物治疗 (1)20％甘露醇:为一种渗透性脱水剂,静脉注射后引起血浆渗透压增高。由于脑组织的渗透压低于脑血管内的血浆渗透压,迫使脑组织内的水分被吸收到血管内,而使脑水肿减轻、颅内压下降。用法:每次250 ml,半小时之内快速静脉滴注或推入。每日1次或每隔12、8或6 h 1次,视病情而定。静脉给药后20 min即可发挥明显的脱水作用,2～3 h作用达高峰,可持续6 h以上。 (2)25％山梨醇:作用较甘露醇弱,作用机理及
2.5 treatment of increased intracranial pressure 2.5.1 drug treatment (1) 20% mannitol: a permeable dehydrating agent, caused by intravenous injection of increased plasma osmolality. Because the osmotic pressure of brain tissue is lower than the osmotic pressure of plasma in cerebrovascular, the moisture in brain tissue is forced to be absorbed into the blood vessel, thereby relieving cerebral edema and decreasing intracranial pressure. Usage: Each 250 ml, rapid intravenous infusion or push within half an hour. Once daily or every 12,8 or 6 h 1, depending on the condition may be. After intravenous injection of 20 min to play a significant role in dehydration, 2 ~ 3 h peaked role, sustainable 6 h or more. (2) 25% sorbitol: weaker than mannitol, the mechanism of action and