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染色体易位是一种严重的基因组缺陷,其主要产生原因是DNA的双链断裂发生了错误修复。临床上染色体易位在肿瘤的发生发展过程中扮演了十分关键的角色。虽然对这方面的研究在最近四十年一直被报道,但是染色体易位在细胞内形成的内在机制还有待进一步深入研究和探讨。近年来的研究已经阐明了描述了染色体易位形成的步骤,同时也发现在易位形成的过程中,各种因素包括DNA双链断裂修复系统、染色体结构和空间位置、组蛋白修饰等在引起染色体易位频率增加和断裂末端的配对接触的过程中都发挥了重要作用。本研究就近年来对于染色体易位分子机制的研究进行概述,初步总结讨论染色体易位形成的原因、过程以及各部分对易位的形成的作用影响。
Chromosomal translocations are a serious genomic defect that is mainly caused by a false repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. Clinical chromosomal translocations play a crucial role in the development of tumors. Although research in this area has been reported for the past 40 years, the intrinsic mechanism of chromosomal translocation formation in cells remains to be further studied and explored. Recent studies have elucidated the steps that describe the formation of chromosomal translocations and also found that during the process of translocation, various factors include DNA double-strand break repair system, chromosomal structure and spatial location, histone modification and the like Chromosomal translocation frequency increase and the end of the fracture of the mating contact process has played an important role. In this paper, we summarized the molecular mechanism of chromosome translocation in recent years, and summarized the reason, process and influence of each part on the formation of translocation.