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公司是依法设立并以营利为目的的企业法人。它是企业的一种组织形式,是商品经济和社会化大生产发展的产物。 公司组织最早萌芽于罗马帝国时期。到中世纪,欧洲出现了较多类似于公司的组织。当时,地中海沿岸一些城市已产生了资本主义的萌芽。从事商品生产和海运贸易的企业组织形式主要有两种:一种是家族式的经营团体,另一种是根据契约成立的海运企业“康孟达”。产业革命后,公司作为一种企业组织形式有了很大发展。到19世纪末20世纪初,公司已成为各主要资本主义国家中占主导地位的企业组织形式。
The company is an enterprise legal person established according to law and for the purpose of profit. It is an organizational form of the enterprise and a product of the development of commodity economy and socialized production. The company’s organization first sprouted during the Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages, there were more corporate-like organizations in Europe. At that time, some cities along the Mediterranean coast had already produced the seeds of capitalism. There are mainly two types of business organizations engaged in the production of goods and shipping trade: one is a family-owned business group, and the other is a shipping company “Condemta” established under a contract. After the industrial revolution, the company has made great progress as a form of corporate organization. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the company had become the dominant form of corporate organization in all major capitalist countries.