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目的了解深圳社区居民对病毒性肝炎,尤其是乙肝传播、危害等相关知识的知晓率及对待乙肝感染者的态度和行为,为当地制定相关健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用流行病学现况调查方法,随机抽取深圳市15～59岁的社区居民1 544名,采用自填式问卷调查获取居民病毒性肝炎知识、态度、行为信息进行分析。结果绝大多数调查对象表示听说过甲肝(71.9%)和乙肝(91.5%),而听说过丙肝(36.6%)、丁肝(20.7%)和戊肝(18.0%)的则相对较少;仅有不到一半调查对象了解乙肝的传播途径(45.0%),但一半以上的调查对象知道可以通过疫苗接种来预防甲肝(56.9%)和乙肝(75.6%);大部分的调查对象害怕与乙肝感染者近距离接触,有30.0%和27.1%的乙肝感染者遭遇过被人远离或升学就业的困难。结论应以社区为单位,长期、持续开展形式多样的健康教育活动,提高社区人群,尤其是流动人群对病毒性肝炎的传播、预防等相关知识的认知水平,从根本上消除“乙肝恐惧”和“乙肝歧视”现象。
Objective To understand the community residents’ awareness of the related knowledge about viral hepatitis, especially hepatitis B transmission and harm, and the attitude and behavior towards hepatitis B virus infection in Shenzhen community residents, so as to provide the basis for formulating local health education strategies. Methods A total of 1 544 community residents from 15 to 59 years old in Shenzhen city were randomly selected from the survey of epidemiology. Information, attitudes and behaviors of residents with viral hepatitis were analyzed by self-contained questionnaires. Results The overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that Hepatitis A (71.9%) and Hepatitis B (91.5%) were heard, whereas Hepatitis C (36.6%), Hepatic (20.7%) and Hepatitis E (18.0%) were relatively rare ; Only less than half of respondents knew about the route of transmission of hepatitis B (45.0%), but more than half of respondents knew that hepatitis A (56.9%) and hepatitis B (75.6%) could be prevented by vaccination; most of the respondents were afraid of Hepatitis B infection close contact, 30.0% and 27.1% of those infected with hepatitis B had been far away from or employment difficulties. Conclusion Community-based, long-term and sustained health education should be conducted in various forms so as to raise the level of awareness among community-based people, especially migrants, about the spread and prevention of viral hepatitis, and to eliminate “the fear of hepatitis B ”And “ hepatitis B discrimination ”phenomenon.