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对11家轮胎、胶管、胶鞋厂11339名职工进行回顾性调查。总观察人年数204662人年。调查对象分为暴露组_1(硫化、炼胶)、暴露组_2(压出、压延、成型等)、暴露组_3(电气、维修、动力)。对照组3171人,52898人年。结果表明,全死因中各暴露组均以恶性肿瘤居首位。各暴露组均以肺癌居首位,肝癌次之,胃癌占第三位。暴露组_1的癌症死亡率286.5/10万,SMR272;暴露组_2癌症死亡率138,3/10万,SMR207;暴露组_3癌症死亡率106.6/10万,SMR250,均显著高于对照组的癌症死亡率77.5/10万,SMR106(P<0.01)。而暴露组_1又显著高于暴露组_2和暴露组_3(P<0.001,P<0.05)。显示出橡胶工业中存在恶性肿瘤的危险因素,以硫化炼胶工种最严重。从单因素分析和Logistic回归分析结果还可以看出,吸烟、在车间进食习惯对肿瘤发生有显著的影响,对其应引起必要的重视。
A retrospective survey of 11,339 workers in 11 tires, hoses and rubber shoes factories was conducted. The total number of observers is 204,662 person-years. Subjects were divided into exposure group _1 (vulcanization, rubber mixing), exposure group _2 (extrusion, calendering, forming, etc.), exposure group _3 (electrical, maintenance, power). The control group of 3171 people, 52898 people years. The results showed that the cause of death in all exposed groups were malignant tumors in the first place. Each exposed group were ranked first in lung cancer, followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer in third place. The cancer death rate of exposed group_1 was 286.5 / 100000, SMR272; the exposure group_2 cancer mortality rate was 138,3 / 100000, SMR207; exposure group_3 cancer mortality rate was 106.6 / 100000, SMR250, were significantly higher than the control The group had a cancer death rate of 77.5 / 100,000 and SMR106 (P <0.01). While exposure group 1 was significantly higher than exposure group 2 and exposure group 3 (P <0.001, P <0.05). Shows the presence of malignant tumors in the rubber industry risk factors to vulcanized rubber mixing the most serious. From univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis, it can also be seen that smoking and smoking habits in the workshop have a significant impact on tumorigenesis, which should be given the necessary attention.