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【流行病学】地面上到处都存在二氧化硅(SiO_2),任何矿工都有接触矽尘的危险,接触矽尘后的临床表现与其接触的时间和吸入尘粒(<10μm)的浓度有关。在西德的一份报告中,对9,000名煤矿工人观察7年的研究表明,肺部病变的发病率随吸入粉尘的累计量而变动。累计接触量在20,000尘粒以下者,肺部病变的发生在5%以下,而20,000～40,000者约10%;40,000～60,000者约20%;60,000～80,000者约35%;>80,000者约45%显示X线变化。另一个重要的发现是开始接触粉尘的年龄与发病有关,年龄较大的矿工,肺部病变更为常见,且发病较早。Beadle认为引起肺部的明显病变需要有一个尘阈值(Threshold quantity of dust)。Walton等的研究证实,接触石英粉尘是促使肺部病变发生和进展的唯一重要的因素。有文献记载,在短时间接触高浓度粉尘之后可迅速发生“急性”矽肺。曾报导一组隧道工
Epidemiology Silica (SiO 2) is present everywhere on the surface and any miners are at risk of exposure to silica dust. The clinical manifestation of exposure to silica dust is related to the duration of exposure and to the concentration of inhaled dust particles (<10 μm). In a report in West Germany, a study of 9,000 miners who observed for seven years showed that the incidence of lung disease varies with the cumulative amount of dust inhaled. Pulmonary lesions occur below 5% for cumulative exposure to 20,000 dust particles, about 10% for 20,000 to 40,000, about 20% for 40,000 to 60,000, about 35% for 60,000 to 80,000, and about 45 for> 80,000 % Shows X-ray changes. Another important finding is the age at onset of exposure to dust associated with morbidity. Older miners, lung lesions are more common and develop earlier. Beadle believes it necessary to have a Threshold Quantity of Dust that causes significant lung damage. Studies by Walton et al. Have confirmed that exposure to quartz dust is the single most important factor contributing to the development and progression of lung disease. It is documented that “acute” silicosis can occur rapidly after exposure to high concentrations of dust for a short period of time. A group of tunnel workers was reported