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目的了解广州市黄埔区居民对自身慢性病相关健康指标及高风险人群标准的知晓情况,为下一步的干预工作提供科学依据。方法 2012年5月采用非概率分层抽样方法选择449名15岁以上常住居民,采用自制的《黄埔区居民自身慢性病健康指标和高风险人群标准问卷》,采取社区内随机拦截法进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括体重、腰围、血糖、血脂、血压知晓情况、吸烟状况及高风险人群标准知晓情况,其中涉及自身慢性病相关健康指标和慢性病高风险人群标准的各5题。现场采取双人问卷,一人询问登记,一人检查登记情况是否有误。对所得数据进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果自身慢性病健康相关指标各条目知晓率体重和血压最高均为83.96%,总胆固醇值最低为47.66%,大专及以上学历者、不吸烟者、医务人员和机关企事业单位管理者(65.81%、76.59%、96.67%、90.00%)明显高于其他职业人群(均P<0.05),红山街道人群(81.20%)高于其他街道人群(P<0.05)。慢性病高风险人群标准各条目知晓率为54.79%~92.43%,知道全部5条标准的87名,占19.38%,不同职业人群中,医务人员知晓率最高为66.67%,其次是离退休人员和机关企事业单位管理者分别为50.57%、44.44%,其他职业人群知晓率较低;红山街道人群(54.0%)高于其他街道人群(P<0.05)。结论有必要进一步加强慢性病健康教育和综合干预,为居民提供健康指标自助检测设备,使居民掌握自身健康状况,主动防控慢性病的发生发展。
Objective To understand the status quo of residents in Huangpu District of Guangzhou on their health indicators related to chronic diseases and the standards of high-risk groups, and to provide a scientific basis for the next intervention. Methods In May 2012, 449 residents over the age of 15 were selected by non-probabilistic stratified sampling method. The self-made questionnaire of health indicators and high-risk population of chronic diseases of residents in Huangpu District was used to conduct random questionnaire survey in community. Questionnaire contents include body weight, waist circumference, blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure awareness, smoking status and awareness of high-risk population standards, which involve their own chronic health-related indicators and the risk of chronic diseases, high-risk groups of five questions. A double questionnaire was taken at the scene and one person inquired about the registration and one person checked whether the registration was in error. Statistical analysis of the data obtained, the rate of comparison using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The knowledgeable rates of health related indicators of their own chronic diseases were 83.96% of the people with the highest body weight and blood pressure, the lowest total cholesterol was 47.66%, 65.81% of the college graduates, non-smokers, medical staffs and institutions, 76.59%, 96.67% and 90.00% respectively) were significantly higher than those in other occupational groups (P <0.05). Hongshan street population (81.20%) was higher than other street groups (P <0.05). The awareness rate of each item in the high-risk population of chronic diseases is 54.79% ~ 92.43%, 87 of all 5 standards are known, accounting for 19.38%. Among different occupational groups, the highest awareness of medical staff is 66.67%, followed by retired staff and institutions Enterprises and institutions managers were 50.57%, 44.44%, other occupational groups awareness rate is low; Hongshan street population (54.0%) higher than other street groups (P <0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to further strengthen the health education and comprehensive intervention of chronic diseases and provide residents with self-service testing equipment for health indicators to enable residents to master their own health status and take the initiative to prevent and control the occurrence and development of chronic diseases.