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覆土是蘑菇栽培过程中的一个重要技术环节,不覆土不出菇。覆土改变了菌床的物理结构、表面温度、水分、通气和微生物状况等,创造了子实体分化和发育的良好小气候,促使蘑菇生长由营养阶段向生殖阶段转化。 实践证明,覆土材料的性状直接影响到出菇的早晚和产量的高低。近年来,各地都在不断进行覆土材料的选择和改进,所使用的覆土材料也发生了很大变化,许多菇农由简单的取用菜园土、泥塘土等发展到人工配制复合土,如发酵土、细泥垄糠土等,提高了产量和质量。笔者近几年在蘑菇研究中发现,使用炉灰土作蘑菇的覆土材料同样可取得很好的效果。蘑菇菌丝爬土快,出菇提前,转潮期短,产量较高,而且还具有取材方便,制作简单,省工省时等优点,具有推广价值。 1 配制方法
Cladding is an important technical part of the mushroom cultivation process, do not cover mushrooms. Soil cover changed the physical structure of the bacterial bed, surface temperature, moisture, aeration and microbial status, etc., to create a sub-entity differentiation and development of a good microclimate, promote mushroom growth from the vegetative stage to reproductive stage transformation. Practice has proved that the properties of soil cover materials directly affect the fruiting sooner or later and the level of output. In recent years, the selection and improvement of soil-covering materials are continuously carried out in all parts of the country. The soil-covering materials used have also undergone great changes. Many mushroom farmers have developed from artificial garden soil and muddy soil to the artificial compound soil such as fermentation Soil, fine mud furrow soil, etc., to improve the yield and quality. In recent years, the author found in the mushroom research that the use of clay as the mushroom soil cover material can also obtain good results. Mushroom mycelium soil fast, fruiting early in advance, the tide is short, high yield, but also has drawn convenient, simple production, saving time and labor, etc., with the promotion of value. 1 preparation method