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杂交是目前水产育种中应用最为广泛、最有成效的育种途径,为了选育一个能够促进中国海水鱼类养殖业发展,改善目前养殖褐牙鲆发病严重的现状的牙鲆类养殖新品种,对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(P.dentatus)(♂)的杂交进行了研究。在Nikon MS800解剖镜下对褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)人工杂交子一代的胚胎及胚后发育进行观察,并使用Nikon数码相机拍摄其发育特征,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。杂交子一代胚胎发育可分为卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官发生期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、脱膜孵化期共9个时期,除克氏泡出现时期以及胚体开始扭动时期具有相对特异性外,胚胎发育过程与褐牙鲆相比无显著差异。在水温(16.5±0.5)℃,盐度32~33的条件下,受精卵历时67 h完成孵化。(19±0.5)℃水温下,仔鱼3 d以前营内源性营养(卵黄囊仔鱼),3 d开口摄食营外源性营养(前弯曲期仔鱼),20 d左右进入变态期(弯曲期仔鱼),40 d后基本完成变态进入稚鱼阶段,生活方式由浮游转为底栖生活,50 d左右全身被鳞。同时观察了自胚胎发育时期至幼鱼期体表色素的分布及形态变化过程,描述了仔鱼变态期冠状鳍条、眼位置和尾部的发育、变化过程。早期生活史无鳔器官发生。
Hybridization is currently the most widely used and most effective breeding method in aquatic breeding. In order to breed a new breed of Japanese flounder that can promote the development of China’s marine fish breeding industry and improve the current status of the cultivation of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Paralichthys olivaceus (♀) × P.dentatus (♂) hybrids were studied. The embryonic and post-embryonic development of hybrids of flounder (♀) × Japanese flounder (♂) was observed under a Nikon MS800 dissection microscope and their developmental characteristics were captured using a Nikon digital camera to characterize the development at each developmental stage Timing and morphological features. Hybrid embryo development can be divided into pre-cleavage stage, cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, gastrulation stage, neuroblastoma, organ stage, tail bud stage, muscle effect period, the incubation period of stripping a total of 9 periods, except There was no significant difference in the process of embryonic development compared with that of the Japanese flounder. Under the conditions of water temperature (16.5 ± 0.5) ℃ and salinity 32 ~ 33, the fertilized eggs hatched in 67 h. At the water temperature of (19 ± 0.5) ℃, the larvae of endogenous nutrition (yolk sac larvae) were exposed 3 d before larvae, ). After 40 days, metamorphosis basically entered the stage of juvenile transformation. Life style changed from planktonic to benthic life, and the whole body was scaled up for about 50 days. At the same time, we observed the distribution and morphological changes of body pigment from embryonic development to juvenile period, and described the development and changes of coronal ray, metamorphosis and tail of larval fish. Early history of life without bony organs.