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在一种实用饲料配方(粗蛋白28%,豆粕18%)的基础上,用菜粕、棉粕按1∶2的比例等量替代豆粕(6%、12%、18%)作为蛋白源配制成三种等能等氮的无鱼粉饲料,在室内饲养奥尼罗非鱼[Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus,平均体重为(4.22±0.09)g]8周。结果表明,菜粕、棉粕替代不同水平豆粕对罗非鱼的生长、饲料利用和机体免疫力均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05)。随菜粕、棉粕替代水平的增加,罗非鱼的生长、饲料利用和体蛋白含量均显著下降(P<0.05),而以无豆粕组影响最大。鱼体肝脂含量、肝体比(HSI)以及脏体比(VR)在组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。无豆粕组血清GPT、GOT酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),而血清SOD、LZ酶活力显著降低(P<0.05)。配方中棉粕和菜粕的总量超过52%对罗非鱼是不安全的。
On the basis of a practical feed formula (crude protein 28%, soybean meal 18%), soybean meal (6%, 12%, 18%) was replaced with rapeseed meal Three kinds of nitrogen-free fish meal-free diets were fed indoors for eight weeks with the average body weight of Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus (4.22 ± 0.09 g). The results showed that the use of rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal instead of different levels of soybean meal had significant effects on the growth, feed utilization and immunity of tilapia (P <0.05). With the increase of the replacement level of rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, the growth, feed utilization, and body protein content of tilapia decreased significantly (P <0.05), while those without soybean meal had the strongest effects. There was no significant difference in hepatic lipid content, hepatic body mass ratio (HSI) and body mass ratio (VR) between the two groups (P> 0.05). The levels of GPT and GOT in serum without soybean meal were significantly increased (P <0.05), while the activities of SOD and LZ in serum were significantly decreased (P <0.05). More than 52% of the total amount of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal in the formula is not safe for tilapia.