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香蕉枯萎病严重威胁世界香蕉产业,而目前尚无有效防治药剂。开发快速诊断技术以加强检疫,控制其传播速度,同时加快选育抗病品种是有效控制该病的根本策略。然而,无论是研发快速诊断的分子技术还是进行抗病品种的选育,都需要深入了解病原菌的群体结构及其基因多样性背景。香蕉枯萎病菌经过一个多世纪的变异与进化,已分化出4个生理小种,23个营养亲合群和多个基因多样性类群。本文从香蕉枯萎病的起源及其病原菌培养性状、生理小种、致病性、营养亲合群及基因多样性等方面研究进展进行梳理和分析,以期为下一步的研究提供思路和启发。
Banana wilt is a serious threat to the world banana industry, but there is no effective control agent. The development of rapid diagnostic techniques to enhance quarantine and control its transmission speed, and to speed up the breeding of resistant varieties is the fundamental strategy for the effective control of the disease. However, whether it is to develop molecular techniques for rapid diagnosis or to breed resistant varieties, it is necessary to understand the population structure of the pathogenic bacteria and its genetic background. After more than a century of mutation and evolution, banana Fusarium wilt has been divided into 4 physiological races, 23 nutrient affinities and multiple gene diversity groups. In this paper, we review and analyze the origin of banana wilt disease and its pathogen culture traits, physiological races, pathogenicity, nutrition and genetic diversity and other aspects of research progress, in order to provide ideas and inspiration for the next study.