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抗战爆发后,国民政府推行中小学部分教科书国定制,并编出《初中国文甲编》,令全国中学采用。《初中国文甲编》的核心目的,是落实蒋介石抗战时期教育思想,提倡“智仁勇”、“礼义廉耻”、“忠孝仁爱信义和平”等传统观念。抗战胜利后,国民政府将国定本推向收复区,不仅受到出版商的抵制,而且受到民主人士的强烈谴责。在此情况下,开明书店新编中学国文教科书,站在人民大众的立场,呼应争取民主的时代潮流,表现对人民民主的渴望。两套不同的教科书揭示了40年代政府和民间在国文教育上的不同侧重,并昭示了中等教育的权势从政府向民间的转移。
After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the national government promoted the customization of some textbooks in primary and secondary schools and compiled the Junior Editions of Chinese A / C so that the national secondary schools adopted it. The core purpose of “Junior Chinese A & B” is to implement Chiang Kai-shek’s educational thought during the War of Resistance Against Japan and to promote traditional concepts such as “wisdom and courage,” “righteousness and honor,” “loyalty and righteousness, loyalty and peace”. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the national government pushed the government of the country into the recovery zone not only by the resistance of the publishers but also by the democrats’ strong condemnation. Under such circumstances, the Kaimei Bookstore newly compiled a Chinese textbook for secondary schools, standing in the position of the general public, echoing the trend of the times for fighting for democracy and expressing its desire for people’s democracy. Two different textbooks reveal the different emphasis placed on education in the Chinese language by the government and the private sector in the 1940s and show that the power of secondary education has shifted from the government to the private sector.