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我国的社队企业,自1958年产生以来,经过20多年,尤其是七十年代以来的发展,已经具有了相当可观的规模。到1980年底,全国有143万个社队企业,务工社员3050万人,固定资产327亿元,当年总产值690亿,大致相当于1956年时的全国工业总产值水平。尤其是粉碎“四人帮”以来,社队企业的发展更是迅猛异常。上海郊区从1976年到1981年,社队工业总产值和利润分别从12亿、3亿增长到33.78亿和7.5亿,各增长了181%和150%,平均年增长率高达30%左右。另一方面,由于农村经济正在出现深刻的变革,农民收入水平的提高,农业生产效率提高后解放出来的劳动力,从资金和劳动力上准备了社队企业新发展的客观条件。多种经营的发展,农村由自然经济向商品经济的过渡,又向社队企业的新发展提出了迫切的要求。正是在这种情况下,改革与完善现行社队企业管理体制就具有特别重要的意义。
Since its establishment in 1958, the commune-brigade enterprises in our country have had a considerable scale after 20 years of development, especially since the 1970s. By the end of 1980, there were 1.43 million commune and commune enterprises in the country with 30.5 million workers and staff members and fixed assets of 32.7 billion yuan. The total output value of the year was 69 billion yuan, roughly equivalent to the level of the national industrial output value in 1956. Since the smashing of the “gang of four,” in particular, the development of commune and commune enterprises has been even more rapid and unusual. In the suburbs of Shanghai from 1976 to 1981, the total industrial output value and profits of communes and brigades increased from 1.2 billion to 3.378 billion and 750 million respectively, up by 181% and 150% respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 30% or so. On the other hand, as the rural economy is undergoing profound changes and the income level of peasants is rising, the labor force liberated after the improvement of agricultural production efficiency has prepared the objective conditions for the new development of the communes and brigades enterprises from the capital and labor force. The development of diversified industries, the transition from the natural economy to the commodity economy in the countryside, and the new development of the commune-brigade enterprises have also put forward urgent demands. It is under such circumstances that it is of special significance to reform and perfect the current corporate management system of communes and communes.