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本文评述了小麦品种抗锈性和锈菌毒性遗传学研究的现状以及近二十年来主要的研究成果和争论的问题。评述的内容包括小麦品种低反应型抗锈性的遗传规律,小麦锈菌毒性的遗传规律和变异途径,“基因对基因”理论及其应用,数量抗锈性的遗传等。Person(1959,1962)依据 Flor 试验提出的“基因对基因”概念的理论模型在现代植物病理学发展中具有历史意义,它促进了寄主—寄生物相互关系的遗传学研究。遗传学已成为现代锈病研究的基础,遗传学研究成果已广泛地应用于锈菌小种鉴定、抗锈育种和抗锈性生理生化机制的研究。本文还详细介绍了已定名的小麦抗杆锈、抗叶锈和抗条铸基因。
This article reviews the status quo of the genetic studies on rust resistance and rust toxicity of wheat cultivars as well as the main research results and controversial issues in the recent two decades. The contents of the review included the genetic law of low-reactivity rust resistance of wheat cultivars, the genetic law and pathways of virulence of wheat rust, the theory of gene pair and its application, and the inheritance of quantitative rust resistance. Person (1959, 1962) The theoretical model of the concept of “gene pair genes” proposed by Flor’s experiment is historically significant in the development of modern plant pathology and promotes the genetic study of host-parasite interactions. Genetics has become the basis of modern rust research, genetics research has been widely used in the identification of rust races, anti-rust breeding and rust-resistant physiological and biochemical mechanisms. This article also details the named wheat anti-rust, anti-leaf rust and anti-cast gene.