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胆碱能系统与抑郁症的病理生理相关。非选择性毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂东莨菪碱具有快速、强效的抗抑郁作用。本综述介绍了东莨菪碱快速抗抑郁相关的临床和基础研究，总结了东莨菪碱抗抑郁作用可能的机制、不良反应及疗效预测的生物标志物。“,”The cholinergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. The nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine manifested rapid and robust antidepressant effects. This review seeks to find available clinical and basic evidence related to the rapid antidepressant effect of scopolamine, meanwhile, summarizes possible mechanisms, side effects and biomarkers for efficacy outcomes underlying the antidepressant effect of scopolamine.