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辛德毕斯病毒(Sindbis virus,SINV)是一种具有广泛宿主嗜性的正链RNA病毒,能够在许多脊椎动物和无脊椎动物细胞中有效复制。其单股基因组RNA被分成两个开放阅读框(ORF),第1个ORF编码非结构蛋白,负责病毒RNA的转录和复制;第2个ORF在亚基因组启动子控制下编码病毒结构蛋白,负责病毒RNA的包裹和病毒粒子的组装。近年来,许多基于SINV的复制子载体已被开发,这些载体能够自我复制,但只有在与表达结构蛋白的辅助RNA共转染时,才能包装成病毒样粒子。目前,SINV复制子载体已广泛应用于疫苗开发和癌症基因治疗,能够激发有效的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。本文就SINV载体的研究进展作一综述。
Sindbis virus (SINV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a wide range of host tropisms and is capable of efficient replication in many vertebrate and invertebrate cells. Its single-stranded genomic RNA is divided into two open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF encodes a non-structural protein responsible for the transcription and replication of viral RNA. The second ORF encodes a viral structural protein under the control of the subgenomic promoter and is responsible for Viral RNA packaging and virus particle assembly. In recent years, a number of SINV-based replicon vectors have been developed that are capable of self-replicating but can be packaged as virus-like particles only when co-transfected with the helper RNA expressing the structural protein. Currently, SINV replicon vectors have been widely used in vaccine development and cancer gene therapy to stimulate effective humoral and cellular immune responses. This article reviews the progress of SINV vectors.