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扑动而形成非定常气动现象是扑翼飞行过程中产生高升力的主要原因。本文以Ellington实验的鹰蛾翅膀为原形,设计扑翼实验及数值计算模型。通过压差传感器对翅膀模型上翼面固定位置进行测压,分析前缘涡的产生及脱落情况(考虑动压效应)。测量上下翼面固定位置处的压差,揭示扑翼飞行中产生高升力的主要原因。利用烟风洞观察扑翼模型周围流场结构及特殊涡产生变化情况。另外,根据Ellington提供的升力关系式估算了扑翼模型在一个周期内的平均升力。最后,基于三维欧拉方程对扑翼飞行气动特性进行数值模拟,计算结果与实验吻合良好。
Flutter and the formation of unsteady aerodynamic phenomenon is the main reason for the high lift generated during the flapping wing flight. In this paper, Ellington experimental Hawk moth wings as the prototype, the design of flapping-wing experiments and numerical calculation model. The differential pressure sensor is used to measure the fixed position of the airfoil on the wing model to analyze the generation and shedding of the leading edge vortex (considering the dynamic pressure effect). Measuring the pressure difference between the upper and lower airfoils in a fixed position reveals the main reason for the high lift in flapping-wing flight. The structure of the flow field around the flapping wing model and the change of the special vortex are observed by the smoke tunnel. In addition, the average lift of the flapping-wing model over one cycle is estimated based on the lift relationship provided by Ellington. Finally, the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping-wing flight are numerically simulated based on Eulerian equation. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.