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制度是一个国家和社会中约束和支配人们特定行为及其相互关系的一系列规则。对民国一代地方主义产生直接影响的中央与地方关系的制度构建,总体上尤其是实际效果上是不良甚至是缺失的。所谓不良,即从民国一代实际存在的相关制度来看,对中央与地方的关系未能起到良好的规范和约束作用。所谓缺失,即从民国一代中央与地方关系运行的实际状况来看,客观上需要的这方面制度并未出现。有的仍本质上是以君主专制为核心的中央高度集权制,这就是制度变迁中的“路径依赖”。它不仅未能有效地约束地方,反而成为地方主义泛滥的制度因素。它是民国一代国家和社会急剧变动中统治集团各种势力博弈的必然结果。
The system is a series of rules in a country and society that constrain and govern people’s specific behaviors and their interrelationships. The system construction of the relationship between the central and local governments, which directly affects the generation of the Republican generation of localism, is generally bad or even devoid of any practical effect. The so-called bad, that is, from the relevant system of the actual generation of the Republic of China, the relationship between the central and local authorities failed to play a good regulatory and binding role. The so-called absence, that is, from the actual situation of the operation of the relations between the central and the local authorities of the Republic of China, there is no such system that is objectively needed. Some are still essentially the central government’s centralized system with the monarchy as the core. This is the “path dependence” in the institutional change. Not only failed to effectively restrict the place, but it has become an institutional factor in the proliferation of localism. It is the inevitable result of the gambling of various forces of the ruling group in the rapidly changing state of the Republic of China and in society.