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水稻田是温室气体甲烷(CH4)的重要释放源之一,有机质在水稻土中通过厌氧分解途径最终产生CH4和CO2。短链脂肪酸互营氧化是水稻土有机质降解的关键环节,但是由于互营微生物独特的生理生态特性,目前人们对于参与该过程的微生物群落及功能了解甚少。稳定同位素探针(SIP)技术被认为是实现环境中参与物质转化微生物种类与功能相耦合的有力工具。本文首先讨论互营过程的热力学基础和互营微生物的种间相互作用模式,然后简要讨论了互营过程的环境影响因子,最后详细综述稳定同位素探针技术在水稻土短链脂肪酸互营氧化过程中的相关研究。目前的研究表明:参与水稻土脂肪酸互营氧化过程的互营细菌种类丰富、多样性高;除已知互营细菌的作用外,大量未培养、功能未知的细菌类型也可能参与短链脂肪酸的互营氧化;对于互营细菌的伙伴而言,新型产甲烷胞菌属(Methanocella)类型的古菌在不同脂肪酸互营降解过程中均起主要作用,揭示了这类产甲烷古菌在水稻土厌氧产甲烷过程中的重要作用。
Paddy rice is one of the important release sources of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that eventually produces CH4 and CO2 through anaerobic decomposition in paddy soil. Short-chain fatty acid mutual-oxidation is a key step in the degradation of organic matter in paddy soils, but due to the unique physiological and ecological characteristics of the inter-working microbes, little is known about the microbial communities and functions involved in this process. Stable isotope probe (SIP) technology is considered to be a powerful tool for coupling species and functions of involved microbial communities in the environment. This paper first discusses the thermodynamics foundation of interdependent process and the mode of interspecific interaction of interconvergic microorganisms, and then briefly discusses the environmental impact factors of the interoperability process. Finally, the effects of stable isotope probe technology on short-chain fatty acid mutual oxidation In the related research. The current research shows that there are many kinds of interbacteria involved in the mutual oxidation of fatty acids in paddy soils, and the diversity is high. In addition to the known role of mutualbacteria, a large number of uncultured and unknown bacterial types may also participate in short chain fatty acids For the partner of the mutual bacteria, the new Methanocella archaea play a major role in the process of mutual degradation of different fatty acids, revealing that the methanotrophs of these methanotrophs in paddy soil Anaerobic methane production process plays an important role.