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近年来钛和锆的用途日益广泛。在美国年产约10000吨钛和约200吨锆、日本年产500吨海棉钛和英国年产1000吨海棉钛之后。大陆上的一些国家才开始着手生产这两种金属。在德国可望在不断降低原金属价格的同时,将钛和锆首先广泛地应用在化学仪器制造业、船舶制造业、交通工具制造业和原子反应堆的建造等方面。本文也许有助于这些发展的要求。 在制造钛和锆的过程中,熔炼具有极其重大的意义。由于钛和锆很容易与气体和所有己知的坩堝材料发生剧烈的反应,熔点高(钛1668℃,锆1830±40℃),故要求采用特殊的熔炼方法。甚致在高真空感应爐内的石墨坩堝中熔炼时,比较微小的增碳也会引起不允许的发脆
Titanium and zirconium have been used more and more in recent years. In the United States with an annual output of about 10,000 tons of titanium and about 200 tons of zirconium, Japan, with an annual output of 500 tons of sponge titanium and the United Kingdom with an annual output of 1000 tons of sponge titanium. Some countries on the mainland have started to produce these two metals. In Germany, it is expected that titanium and zirconium will be widely used in the fields of chemical instrument manufacturing, shipbuilding, transportation manufacturing and atomic reactor construction, while continuously reducing the price of the original metal. This article may contribute to the development of these requirements. In the manufacture of titanium and zirconium in the process of melting is of great significance. Titanium and zirconium are very easy to react with gases and all known crucible materials and have a high melting point (titanium 1668 ° C, zirconium 1830 ± 40 ° C). Therefore, special smelting methods are required. Even in the high-vacuum induction furnace graphite crucible smelting, the relatively small increase in carbon can also cause the hair is not allowed to brittle