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近年来,微RNA(microRNA,miR)在胚胎发育、细胞分化及肿瘤的产生等方面的作用日益受到关注。miR-15a是一种与血细胞的分化及血液系统疾病密切相关的miR,与miR-16-1成簇定位于染色体的13q14上,成熟的miR-15a由22个核苷酸组成。作为一种抑癌miR,已发现miR-15a在多种白血病、前列腺癌及ACTH分泌型垂体瘤中的表达是下调的,如在大多数慢性淋巴细胞性白血病中,miR-15a和miR-16-1下调大约68%。机理研究发现一些重要的蛋白质因子,如Bcl-2、c-Myb等,与miR-15a作用相关。本文从染色体定位、与其他因子的相互作用以及与疾病的发生发展之间的关系等三个方面对miR-15a的研究进展进行综述。
In recent years, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in embryonic development, cell differentiation and tumor generation has drawn increasing attention. miR-15a is a type of miR closely related to the differentiation of blood cells and hematological diseases. The miR-15a cluster with miR-16-1 on chromosome 13q14. The mature miR-15a consists of 22 nucleotides. As a tumor suppressor miR, miR-15a has been found to be down-regulated in various leukemias, prostatic carcinomas and ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors, as is the case in most chronic lymphocytic leukemia miR-15a and miR-16 -1 down about 68%. Mechanistic studies found that some important protein factors, such as Bcl-2, c-Myb, etc., are related to the role of miR-15a. This article reviews the progress of miR-15a from three aspects: chromosome location, interaction with other factors and the relationship with the occurrence and development of the disease.