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中国现代化的实现问题贯穿了自洋务运动至今的中国一百五十余年的经济史。现代化是中国革命和建设的真正目标和诉求。本文围绕这个问题,尝试将中国鸦片战争以来的两次影响深远的现代化尝试——洋务运动与改革开放——进行比较研究,对比分析这两次中国现代化的尝试事件发生时的历史背景与经济环境,事件肇始的目的及目标、策略与步骤,制度变迁对经济的影响,总结出中国现代化要实现应当具备的三个必要条件,即健全长期的现代化纲领作为指导,稳定而富于改革决心的政治领袖(或政党)作为领导;中国农民广泛参与和中国农业的改观;试错与检视机制作为保障。
The realization of China’s modernization runs through the history of more than 150 years of China’s economic history since the Westernization Movement. The modernization is the true goal and aspiration of the Chinese revolution and construction. Based on this issue, this article tries to make a comparative study of two far-reaching attempts at modernization since the Opium War in China-that of the Westernization Movement and its reform and opening up. The historical background and the economic environment at the time of these two attempts to modernize China are comparatively analyzed , The purpose and target of the event, the strategy and steps, the impact of institutional changes on the economy, and the three necessary conditions for China’s modernization to be fulfilled, that is, to improve the long-term modernization program as a guide and a stable and full of determination to reform politics Leaders (or political parties) as leaders; extensive participation of Chinese peasants and the improvement of Chinese agriculture; trial and error and inspection mechanisms as guarantees.