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19．公共财政（OffentlicheFinanzen）现代国家的行动能力主要取决于对钱的支配能力。德国是个“税收国家”（derSteuerstaat），它的主要收入是靠公民纳税，主要支出是用来支付商品和劳务的生产以及向企业和公民实施的“转让支付”（dieTransferzahlung）.德国是个联邦国家，
19. Public finance (OffentlicheFinanzen) Modern countries ability to act mainly depends on the ability to control money. Germany is a “derSteuerstaat” whose main income is tax on citizens, with the main expenditure being the “payment transfer” (payment transfer) that is used to pay for the production of goods and services and to businesses and citizens.Germany is a federal state,