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【目的】探究不同株行距配置对吉林稻区水稻产量构成、穗部性状、光合及群体微生态环境的影响,为吉林稻区水稻科学选用合适株行距配置以及高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以通禾833和通禾838为试材,研究株行距配置对吉林稻区水稻产量构成、穗部性状、群体生态及光合速率的影响。【结果】产量表现为等株行距(A)>宽行窄株(B)>大垄双行(C),单位面积穗数和千粒重的提高是导致产量差异的重要因素;株行距配置与施氮量、株行距配置与品种、施氮量与品种的互作对吉林稻区水稻产量及产量构成要素的影响不显著。株行距配置对水稻穗部性状存在一定影响,株行距配置(A)水稻群体在改善水稻穗部性状具有一定优势。不同株行距配置水稻群体光照强度、CO2浓度、温度和湿度等环境因子具有一定差异,大垄双行(C)有利于水稻群体内部空气交换、增加CO2供应,改善中下层叶片受光态势。叶面积指数(LAI)在齐穗期及成熟期均表现为等株行距(A)>宽行窄株(B)>大垄双行(C),等株行距(A)与大垄双行(C)差异显著(P<0.05),有效穗数的提高是主因;在齐穗期及齐穗后20 d剑叶光合速率均呈等株行距(A)>大垄双行(C)>宽行窄株(B)。【结论】等株行距(A)配置水稻群体产量、穗部性状以及物质生产能力均优于其他两种株行距配置,就本文所选水稻品种而言,等株行距(A)配置更适应于吉林稻区水稻生产。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spacing between different rows on rice yield components, panicle traits, photosynthesis and population micro-ecological environment in Jilin rice paddy so as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable row spacing and high-yielding cultivation for rice science in Jilin rice paddy. [Method] With Tonghe 833 and Tonghe 838 as test materials, the effects of spacing between rows and rows on rice yield components, panicle traits, population ecology and photosynthesis rate in Jilin rice area were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the increase of yield per hectare (A)> narrow row (B)> double row of large ridge (C) The effects of nitrogen amount, row spacing and variety, nitrogen amount and variety on rice yield and yield components were not significant. The arrangement of spacing between rows and rows had some effect on the panicle traits of rice. The arrangement of rows and rows (A) The rice population had some advantages in improving the panicle traits of rice. The environmental factors such as light intensity, CO2 concentration, temperature and humidity of rice population with different row spacing were different. Large ridge double row (C) was beneficial to air exchange within rice population, increased CO2 supply, and improved the light receiving situation of middle and lower leaves. Leaf area index (LAI) at heading and maturity showed that the row spacing (A)> broad row narrow row (B)> large ridge double row (C) (C) (P <0.05), and the increase of effective panicle number was the main reason. At heading stage and 20 d after heading, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves showed the same row spacing (A) Broad and narrow plant (B). 【Conclusion】 The row spacing (A) was better than that of the other two lines in terms of row spacing (A). The row spacing (A) was more suitable for the rice varieties selected in this study Jilin rice paddy production.