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目的研究发育中小鼠血管球滤过膜的变化。方法应用透射电镜观察胚胎和新生小鼠血管球滤过膜的超微结构。结果在肾小体的发育过程中,足细胞形状明显变薄,足突数量逐渐增多,其形状逐渐窄小,足突间裂孔和裂孔膜出现;足细胞下、内皮细胞下先后出现基膜,而后两种基膜融合形成一层较厚的基膜。随着毛细血管袢的不断增生,在足细胞下方出现新合成的环状或袋状的基膜片段;内皮细胞形状也明显变薄,出现大量内皮孔。结论在小鼠肾小体的发育过程中,足细胞和内皮细胞逐渐分化成熟,基膜最早来源于足细胞,随后内皮也参与合成基膜,发育晚期基膜的合成和更新主要由足细胞来完成。
Objective To study the changes of the glomerular filtration membrane in developing mice. Methods Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the glomerular filtration membrane in embryonic and neonatal mice. Results During the process of renal development, the podocytes became thinner, the number of podocytes gradually increased, their shape gradually narrowed and the interphalangeal hiatus and perforation membrane appeared. Under the podocytes, the basement membrane appeared one after another under the endothelial cells, The two base films then fuse to form a thicker basement membrane. With the continuous proliferation of capillaries, new synthetic ring-shaped or bag-like basement membrane segments appear beneath the podocytes, and the endothelial cells become significantly thinner with a large number of endothelial holes. Conclusion During the development of mouse kidney, the podocytes and endothelial cells gradually differentiate and mature. The basement membrane originated from the podocytes. Subsequently, the endothelium also participates in the synthesis of the basement membrane. The synthesis and renewal of the late basal lamina are mainly caused by podocytes carry out.