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汶川大地震使灾区人民生命财产遭受巨大损失,同时,也造成灾区的基础设施严重损毁。水利工程作为重要的基础设施,特别是水库大坝、堤防、供排水设施和灌溉系统等的破坏,将引发严重的次生水灾害和水问题。汛期,灾区遭受地震破坏的水利工程将经受严峻的考验,工程失事的可能性大幅度增加。同时,因地震而变得更为疏松破碎的岩土在降雨作用下,更易发生山洪、滑坡、泥石流灾害。供水工程损坏导致群众无法获得安全饮用水。因此,水库安全问题(包括水电站、堰塞湖)、河道因灾害变形可能引起的安全问题、灾区群众的饮水问题等已成为当前水利抗震救灾的重点。有效应对地震次生水灾害和水问题,必须加强技术指导,充分发挥科技的作用。本刊根据水利部国际合作与科技司主编的《地震次生水灾害与水问题应对措施》《抗震救灾与灾后重建水利实用技术手册》,同时,还从其他渠道广泛收集相关技术和设备信息,整编汇成了本组技术专题,为当前的水利抗震救灾工作尽一份力量。本专题内容组织得到水利部国际合作与科技司以及水利部科技推广中心、水利部水文局、中国水利水电科学研究院的大力支持,在此深表感谢。由于时间较紧,本组内容难免不够完善,敬请广大读者谅解。对水利抗震救灾特别是灾后重建工作,本刊随后还将辟专栏继续组织报道,希望广大读者与本刊联系,踊跃投稿,为水利抗震救灾和灾后重建工作建言献策。
The Wenchuan earthquake hit the lives and property of the people in the disaster areas huge losses, at the same time, it also caused serious damage to the infrastructure in the disaster areas. The destruction of water conservancy projects as an important infrastructure, especially in dams, dikes, water supply and drainage facilities and irrigation systems, will lead to serious secondary water disasters and water problems. During the flood season, the water conservancy projects hit by the earthquake in the affected areas will undergo severe tests and the possibility of project crashes will substantially increase. At the same time, rock and soil that become more loose and fragile due to earthquakes are more prone to flash floods, landslides and landslides under rainfall. Damage to the water supply has left people without access to safe drinking water. Therefore, the reservoir safety issues (including hydropower stations, dammed lakes), river safety problems that may be caused by disaster deformation, drinking water problems in disaster areas have become the focus of the current earthquake relief work. To effectively deal with secondary water disasters and water problems in earthquakes, we must strengthen technical guidance and give full play to the role of science and technology. According to “Earthquake Secondary Water Disasters and Water Countermeasures”, “Handbook of Earthquake Relief and Post-disaster Reconstruction of Water Utilities” edited by the Department of International Cooperation and Science and Technology of the Ministry of Water Resources, meanwhile, we also collect relevant technical and equipment information from other sources, Reorganization of the reunification of the technical topics in this group, for the current water relief work to do their part. The contents of this topic are greatly appreciated by the International Cooperation and Science and Technology Division of the Ministry of Water Resources and the Science and Technology Promotion Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Hydrology Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources, and the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research. As time is tight, the contents of this group will inevitably not perfect, please forgive the majority of readers. After the earthquake relief work for water conservancy, especially post-disaster reconstruction work, the journal will also continue to organize special reports on the columns and hope that readers will contact with them to submit their contributions and suggestions for earthquake relief and post-quake reconstruction.