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目的:研究一种从番茄叶面分离获得的拮抗菌——枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)QDH-1-1对苹果采后青霉病的防治效果。方法:通过拮抗菌的不同处理、使用浓度及与钙配合等方法研究了枯草芽孢杆菌对青霉病的抑制作用。结果表明:拮抗菌使用浓度明显地影响苹果中病斑发生和病斑扩展,且使用浓度越大,其抑病效果越好。当拮抗菌的使用浓度达到109CFU/mL时,可完全抑制接种在苹果上的青霉菌(Penicillium expansum,104CFU/mL)的侵染。用108～109CFU/mL的拮抗菌与2%CaCl2配合对苹果采后青霉病的抑制效果明显地好于单独使用相同剂量的拮抗菌或2%CaCl2。拮抗菌的不同处理对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制效果与体内试验结果一致。结论:枯草芽孢杆菌QDH-1-1主要通过营养和空间竞争作用抑制病原菌生长。
OBJECTIVE: To study the control effect of Bacillus subtilis QDH-1-1, an antagonistic bacterium isolated from tomato foliage, on postharvest blueberry mold diseases. Methods: The inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis on Penicillium was studied by different treatments of antagonistic bacterium, using concentration and combination with calcium. The results showed that the concentration of antagonistic bacteria obviously affected the occurrence of lesion and the spread of lesion in apple, and the greater the concentration, the better the disease-inhibiting effect. When the concentration of antagonistic bacteria reached 109CFU / mL, the infection of Penicillium expansum (104CFU / mL) on apple was completely inhibited. With 108 ~ 109CFU / mL of antagonistic bacteria and 2% CaCl2 with apple post-harvest cucumber Penicillium inhibitory effect was significantly better than using the same dose of antagonistic bacteria alone or 2% CaCl2. Antagonistic bacteria of different treatments on the spore germination of the pathogen inhibitory effect and in vivo test results. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis QDH-1-1 inhibits the growth of pathogens mainly through nutrition and space competition.