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中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定指出:“继续深化企业改革,必须解决深层次矛盾,着力进行企业制度的创新,进一步解放和发展生产力,充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性。”基本思路是通过建立现代企业制度改造和优化国有企业。改革的实践证明,这个思路的方向是正确的,确有不少企业通过改革取得明显成效;但同时也有不少企业出现经济效益下降,发展后劲不足等困难。因此,要真正解决深层次矛盾,单靠明晰产权还远远不够,其中一条是上层建筑造成的障碍。正是这种障碍,才是企业作为经济体制改革每前进一步都未能达到预期效果的最重要原因,纵然采取的经济形式(如放权、承包制、现代企业制度等)很先进,但一遇
The decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several issues concerning the establishment of a socialist market economic system pointed out: “To continue to deepen enterprise reform, we must resolve deep-level conflicts, focus on innovation in the enterprise system, further emancipate and develop the productive forces, and give full play to the superiority of the socialist system.” The basic idea is to transform and optimize state-owned enterprises by establishing a modern enterprise system. The practice of reform has proved that the direction of this line of thought is correct, and indeed many enterprises have achieved obvious results through reforms; but at the same time, many enterprises have experienced difficulties in reducing their economic returns and developing their staying power. Therefore, to truly resolve deep-seated conflicts, it is still far from enough to clarify property rights. One of them is the obstacles caused by superstructure. It is precisely this kind of obstacle that is the most important reason why enterprises have failed to achieve the desired results as a result of economic system reforms. Even though the economic forms adopted (such as decentralization, contracting, modern enterprise systems, etc.) are advanced, they are once