论文部分内容阅读
标准的发展和持续存在有利于商业往来。确定材料的最低要求,采用标准测试方法来判定这些要求范围。水泥材料和混凝土的其他成分的说明需参考混凝土的规范,这些规范同时指导着建筑标准。对标准最常见的抱怨是它不能及时反映新的研究发明,落后于新的材料发展和建筑实践。然而,随着需要的提升和新的测试方法的增加或者标准测试要求的确定,标准一直在发展。另一个抱怨是标准应转化为以性能为基础,以便于不再限制材料的革新和建筑方法的发展。值得注意的是,许多标准的制定机构发展了一个统一的标准,如ASTM和CSA;ASTM和CSA提供了一系列的不同利益的平衡性代表,特别是包括了生产者和用户,也包括政府组织机构的利益代表。作为这种平衡的结果,单独的一个组织无法改变标准而损害大部分人的利益。在这种情况下,一些曾经的和最新的关于胶凝材料的标准发展以及未来的发展方向构想应运而生。与此同时,许多国际化标准被提及,但本文主要讨论的是北美标准。
The development and persistence of standards are good for business. Determine the minimum material requirements, using standard test methods to determine the scope of these requirements. The description of the cementitious materials and other components of the concrete shall refer to the specifications of the concrete, which also govern the building standards. The most common complaint about the standard is that it fails to reflect new research findings in time, lagging behind new material developments and building practices. However, standards have been evolving as needs arise and new test methods are added or standard test requirements are established. Another complaint is that standards should translate into performance-based so that material innovation and construction methods are no longer limited. It is noteworthy that many standard setters have developed a uniform standard such as ASTM and CSA; ASTM and CSA provide a balanced list of different interests, including producers and users in particular, as well as government organizations Agency interest representatives. As a result of this balance, a single organization can not change the standards and undermine the interests of the majority. Under these circumstances, some of the latest and most recent developments concerning the standard development of cementitious materials and their future direction of development have come into being. In the meantime, many international standards are mentioned, but this article focuses mainly on North American standards.