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语词与图像的关系是西方艺术史研究中的一个老话题,通常都集中于对诗歌与绘画的比较,到了20世纪对这一话题的研究发生了一些变化,恩斯特·库尔提斯和卡尔·博林斯基等学者率先开始探索修辞与绘画的关系。正如约翰·斯宾塞所说,虽然库尔提斯和博林斯基开始注意到修辞与视觉艺术的关系,但是他们都并未对之做进一步深入地研究。斯宾塞本人于1957年在《瓦尔堡和考陶尔德研究院学报》上发表了《画如修辞:十五世纪绘画理论研究》一文,以阿尔贝蒂的《论绘画》为研究对象试图探索古罗马修辞学与阿尔贝蒂的艺术理论之间的关系。包括斯宾塞在内的所有这些学者对语词与图像的研究基本都停留于表面来论述两者的地位关系等问题,并未能从更深的一个层面来探讨语词与图像之间的相互作用关系,这一问题直到英国文化史家迈克尔·巴克森德尔的《乔托与演说家》的问世才得以解决。本文首先回顾艺术史上对这一话题的经典论述,然后探究巴克森德尔是如何从更深的一个层面来探索语词与图像的关系的。
The relationship between words and images is an old topic in the study of western art history, which usually focuses on the comparison between poetry and painting. Some changes have taken place in the study of this topic in the 20th century. Ernst Curtis and Scholars such as Carl Bolinski first took the initiative to explore the relationship between rhetoric and painting. As John Spencer said, although both Curtis and Bolinski began to notice the relationship between rhetoric and visual art, none of them had studied it further. Spencer himself published a painting “Rhetoric: Painting Theory Studies in the 15th Century” at the Journal of Walburg and the College of Collors in 1957 and explored Alberto’s “On Painting” as its object of study The Relationship between Ancient Roman Rhetoric and Alberti ’s Theory of Art. All of these scholars, including Spencer, studied the words and images basically on the surface to discuss the status relationship between the two, and failed to explore the interaction between words and images from a deeper level This issue was not solved until the advent of “Giotto and orator” by British cultural historian Michael Bucksondel. This article first reviews the classic discourse on art in the history of art and explores how Baksondel explores the relationship between words and images from a deeper level.