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泥炭(Peat)又称草炭或泥煤,是植物死亡后,其根、茎、叶等有机残体,在土壤过湿、氧气不足的情况下,在微生物作用下,进行缓慢的次生缩合、脱水和脱羧基等复杂的生物化学作用,使碳素不断聚积,经过成千上万年的积累而逐渐形成的物质。它是煤的孕育阶段,进一步变化就成为褐煤。我国泥炭资源丰富,开发泥炭替代煤和木材作工业和民用燃料,对于解决我国常规能源短缺问题,保护森林资源和维护生态良性循环具有重大意义。一、我国泥炭资源概况我国幅员辽阔,自然条件复杂,泥炭资源丰富。根据调查和现有资料初步估算,全国约有泥炭地(Peatlands)415.9万公顷,泥炭总储量达270亿吨(风干量)以上(表1),仅次于苏联和芬兰,居世界第三位。
Peat, also known as peat or peat, is a plant after the death of its roots, stems, leaves and other organic residues in the soil over-wet, oxygen shortage, under the action of microorganisms, slow secondary condensation, Dehydration and decarboxylation and other complex biochemical effects, so that carbon accumulation, after thousands of years of accumulation and gradually formed material. It is the gestation stage of coal, and further changes become lignite. The rich peat resources in our country and the development of peat to replace coal and wood for industrial and civil fuels have great significance in solving the problems of conventional energy shortage in our country, protecting forest resources and maintaining a virtuous circle of ecology. First, the overview of China’s peat resources China’s vast territory, complex natural conditions, rich peat resources. According to preliminary surveys and preliminary data available, there are about 4,159,000 hectares of peatlands and over 27 billion tons of peat (air-dried) in the country (Table 1), second only to the Soviet Union and Finland, ranking third in the world .