论文部分内容阅读
由于减毒活疫苗的大规模使用,脊髓灰质炎的传播在很多地方已经基本被控制,成绩显著;但近年局部地区疫情有所回升,说明在预防工作上还存在很多问题。现将国外近年对脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰炎)流行病学研究讨论情况综述于下,以供参考。一、脊灰炎发病率与新生儿死亡率的关系: 以前有人认为,在一些热带地区的国家,由于经济比较落后,卫生条件差,脊灰炎及其他肠道病毒的感染率很高,婴儿在出生后6个月内即可受到脊灰炎的感染,因此容易获得自然的免疫力。在这些地区,往往表现出新生儿死亡率很高,但脊灰炎发病率却很低,认为麻痹型脊灰炎只是经济发达国家的一个公共卫生问题,并以新生儿死亡率在75‰以下作为指标。虽然如此,Sabin早在1962年即已指出,在过去十年间,美洲、非洲和亚洲一些生活标
Due to the large-scale use of live attenuated attenuated vaccines, the spread of poliomyelitis has been basically controlled in many places with notable achievements. However, the epidemic in some areas has picked up in recent years, which shows that there are still many problems in preventive work. Now abroad in recent years, polio (referred to as polio) epidemiological study of the situation discussed below, for reference. First, the relationship between the incidence of polio and neonatal mortality: Some people think that in some countries in the tropics, because of the economy is relatively backward, poor sanitation, polio and other enteric infections are very high, infants In 6 months after birth can be infected with poliomyelitis, it is easy to get the natural immunity. In these areas, neonatal mortality is often high, but the incidence of polio is low, arguing that paralytic poliomyelitis is only a public health problem in economically developed countries and that the neonatal mortality rate is below 75 ‰ As an indicator. Nevertheless, as early as 1962, Sabin pointed out that in the past decade, some living standards in the Americas, Africa and Asia