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侦查期间的搜查是指侦查机关为发现犯罪证据、查获犯罪人,对嫌疑人以及可隐藏犯罪证据或嫌疑人的其他人的身体、物品和其他有关场所进行搜索、查看的一种侦查行为。搜查是各国的侦查机关最常用的侦查取证手段,但它本身也具有人身侵犯性。例如,对物品的搜查和扣押直接妨碍了持有人对物品使用权的实现,对住宅的搜查侵犯了公民的居住安宁权,人身检查不仅侵犯了公民的隐私,甚至会侵犯公民的人格尊严和生命健康权。随着技术侦查能力的提升,辅之以高科技的搜查行为具有更严重的人身侵犯性以及更高的隐秘性。因此两大法系国家刑事诉讼法中对搜查行为均规定了审查原则。
Search during the investigation refers to the investigation authorities to find evidence of crime, seized criminals, the suspects and can hide criminal evidence or suspects of other people’s body, objects and other places to search for a detection behavior. The search is the most commonly used means of investigation and evidence collection by the investigation agencies in various countries, but it is also intrusive. For example, the search and seizure of articles directly hindered the holder’s right to use articles. The search of dwellings infringed upon the citizens’ rights to live and rest in peace. The physical examination not only violated the privacy of citizens, but also infringed upon the dignity of citizens and their personal integrity. Right to life and health. With the improvement of technical investigation capability, supplemented by high-tech search activities have more serious personal aggression and higher secrecy. Therefore, the Criminal Procedure Law of the two major legal systems stipulate the principle of censorship for search activities.