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抗病毒治疗(ART)可降低艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(HIV/AIDS病人)的病毒载量,从而对AIDS的流行和发展产生影响。文章针对国内外ART对AIDS疫情影响的相关研究进行综述。从传染源的影响来看,ART能抑制HIV/AIDS病人血液、生殖道、直肠壁的病毒复制,但仍存在感染的风险。从传播途径的影响来看,ART是否会增加危险性行为尚存争议。从高危人群的影响来看,ART应用于高危人群的预防具有一定的效果,但还存在药物不良反应、耐药性等诸多负面效应。因而亟须更多研究对ART所带来的AIDS疫情趋势影响进行预测、评估和验证。
ART can reduce the viral load of people living with HIV / AIDS (HIV / AIDS patients) and thus have an impact on the prevalence and development of AIDS. This article reviews the related research on the impact of ART on AIDS epidemic at home and abroad. From the perspective of the source of infection, ART can inhibit viral replication in the blood, genital tract and rectal wall of HIV / AIDS patients, but there is still a risk of infection. From the perspective of the impact of route of transmission, it is still controversial whether ART will increase risky behavior. From the perspective of the impact of high-risk groups, ART has some effects in the prevention of high-risk groups, but there are still many adverse effects such as adverse drug reactions and drug resistance. More research is needed to predict, assess and validate the impact of ART on epidemic trends.