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介绍了美国油气管道安全立法进程。通过对历年来美国国会通过的管道安全法案内容的分析,总结了美国管道安全立法的阶段性特点:1968-1978年是管道安全法规建立初期,从联邦政府到各州政府,对于管道安全逐渐重视,并在管理内容上开始细化;1979-2001年是管道安全法规完善阶段,建立了突发事件的应急协作机制,加大了监管的力度,该时期的法规已呈现出严格化、细致化的特点;2002年至今是法规成熟阶段,提出了油气管道完整性管理模式,加强了高后果区管道的风险管理,法规在内容上更加系统科学,体现了从“治”到“防”的现代安全管理思路,一定程度上反映了先进的管道安全管理理念及其发展趋势。油气管道安全问题由来已久,发达国家在过去遇到的油气管道安全管理问题在我国同样存在,完善油气管道法规标准及管理体系将是一项长期任务。
Introduced the American oil and gas pipeline safety legislation process. Through the analysis of the contents of Act on Pipeline Security passed by the U.S. Congress over the years, this paper summarizes the stage characteristics of the legislation on pipeline safety in the United States. From 1968 to 1978, it was the initial period of the legislation on pipeline safety. From the federal government to the state governments, And began to refine the contents of the management; 1979-2001 is the pipeline of safety regulations to improve the stage, the establishment of emergency coordination mechanism for emergencies, and increased supervision efforts, the laws and regulations of that period has shown a strict and meticulous Characteristics; from 2002 to now is a mature stage of legislation, put forward the integrity management mode of oil and gas pipelines, and strengthen the risk management of pipelines in areas with high consequences. The laws and regulations are more systematic and scientific in content, reflecting the “anti- ”The modern safety management thinking, to some extent, reflects the advanced concept of pipeline safety management and its development trend. Oil and gas pipeline safety has a long history. The oil and gas pipeline safety management problems encountered by developed countries in the past also exist in our country. It will be a long-term task to perfect the oil and gas pipeline regulatory standards and management system.