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人对自己体内的成分不引起免疫反应,这是免疫学上的基本原则。机体对自身抗原形成自身抗体或致敏淋巴细胞称自身免疫反应。自身免疫反应如达到一定强度以致能破坏自身正常组织结构,并引起临床症状时,就称为自身免疫性疾病。因此,严格的说,如不能证明自身抗体或白细胞免疫引起组织损害就不能断定为自身免疫性疾病。但实际在临床上能证明自身抗体或自身抗原引起细胞免疫者,只不过是自身免疫性贫血、系统性红斑狼疮、慢性甲状腺炎等。因此,Mackay和Barnet等提出下列6条作为诊断自身免疫性疾病的标准:(1)血浆丙种球蛋白1.5g％以上;(2)能证明病变器官存在自身抗体;(3)变性的丙种球蛋白或其衍生物沉积于肾小球等;(4)在病变组织有淋巴细胞和浆细胞集聚;(5)用皮质类固醇剂可出现暂时性或永久性的疗效;(6)在该患者可见一种以上的免疫障碍和症状。
People do not cause an immune reaction to their own body composition, which is the basic principle of immunology. The formation of autoantibodies to the body’s own antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes called autoimmune reactions. Autoimmune reactions such as reaching a certain intensity so as to undermine their normal tissue structure, and cause clinical symptoms, it is called autoimmune diseases. Therefore, strictly speaking, autoantibodies can not be judged as autoimmune diseases if they can not prove that autoantibodies or leukocyte immunity cause tissue damage. However, the actual clinical evidence that autoantibodies or autoantigens cause cellular immunity, but only autoimmune anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic thyroiditis and so on. Therefore, Mackay and Barnet et al. Propose the following six criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases: (1) plasma Ig globulin above 1.5 g%; (2) autoantibodies demonstrating the presence of diseased organs; (3) denatured gamma globulin Or its derivatives deposited in glomeruli, etc .; (4) accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in diseased tissues; (5) temporary or permanent effects with corticosteroids; (6) Kind of immune disorders and symptoms.