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【目的】应用光学相干断层扫描（OCT ）观察2型糖尿病患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL ）厚度及黄斑区视网膜厚度的变化。【方法】采用OCT测量正常对照组、无糖尿病视网膜病变（NDR）组及非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）组患者视盘周围RNFL厚度及黄斑区视网膜厚度的变化。【结果】在视乳头旁RNFL厚度比较中，NDR组与正常对照组比较变薄，NPDR组与正常对照组比较变厚。在黄斑区视网膜厚度比较中， NDR组与正常对照组比较变薄，NPDR组与正常对照组比较变厚。【结论】OCT能定量观察糖尿病患者视盘周围RNFL厚度及黄斑区视网膜厚度的变化，为糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断及治疗提供可靠的检测手段。“,”To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL ) thickness around optic disc and macular retinal thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) .[Methods]OCT was used to measure the changes of RNFL thickness around optic disc and macular retinal thickness in normal control group ,non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group .[Results]RNFL thickness beside optic papilla in NDR group was thinner than that in control group , but that in NPDR group was thicker than that in control group .Macular retinal thickness in NDR group was thinner than that in control group ,but that in NPDR group was thicker than that in control group .[Conclusion] OCT can quantitatively observe the changes of RNFL thickness around optic disc and macular retinal thickness ,and is a reliable method for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy .