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目的分析湖北省黄冈市2005-2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI信息管理系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法通过中国AEFI信息管理系统收集报告的2005-2013年发生的AEFI个案数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果黄冈市2005-2013年AEFI信息管理系统共收集644例个案。10个县(市、区)均有数据报告,48 h内报告率为88.04%,48 h内调查率为95.13%。AEFI报告数男、女性别比为1.62∶1,≤1岁占66.77%。AEFI总发生率为5.26/10万剂,其中预防接种异常反应估算发生率为1.16/10万剂。AEFI主要集中分布在5-9月。不良反应中,一般反应以发热、红肿、硬结为主,预防接种异常反应以过敏性皮疹、卡介苗淋巴结炎为主。不良反应主要集中在接种后≤1 d。在所有AEFI中,治愈和好转的占97.05%。结论黄冈市AEFI监测的敏感性有较大提高,AEFI常发生在小年龄儿童和接种后≤1 d。仍需进一步提高AEFI监测敏感性和监测工作质量。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Huanggang City, Hubei Province from 2005 to 2013, and to evaluate the operation of AEFI information management system and the safety of vaccination. Methods The reported data of AEFI cases collected from 2005 to 2013 were collected by China AEFI Information Management System and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 644 cases were collected by the AEFI information management system in Huanggang from 2005 to 2013. Data were reported in 10 counties (cities and districts), reporting 88.04% within 48 h and 95.13% within 48 h. AEFI reported the number of male and female ratio was 1.62: 1, ≤ 1 year old accounted for 66.77%. The overall incidence of AEFI was 5.26 / 10 000 doses, of which the estimated incidence of abnormal vaccination was 1.16 / 10 000 doses. AEFI mainly concentrated in May-September. Adverse reactions, the general reaction to fever, redness, induration, abnormal response to vaccination allergic rash, BCG-based lymphadenitis. Adverse reactions mainly concentrated in ≤1 d after inoculation. Of all AEFIs, 97.05% were cured and improved. Conclusion The sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in Huanggang City has been greatly improved. AEFI often occurs in young children and ≤1 days after inoculation. There is still a need to further improve AEFI monitoring sensitivity and monitor the quality of work.