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基于2008—2012年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试数据,运用相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析方法,分析了长江中下游地区中籼杂交水稻5年220个参试品种的农艺性状与产量形成的关系,结果表明,有效穗数、每穗总粒数与结实率对产量显著正相关,其中对产量贡献最大的是结实率,千粒重与产量极显著负相关。在长江中下游杂交稻育种过程中,应以每穗总粒数和结实率为中心兼顾有效穗数和千粒重,协调优化产量构成因素的关系,建立良好的群体结构,发挥中籼品种产量的潜力。综合各种分析及结合长江中下游杂交中籼的9 t/hm2以上的的高产组合,得出其产量结构是:有效穗数达到255万/hm2左右,株高在122 cm以下,每穗总粒数达到180~200粒,结实率80%以上,千粒重27 g左右。
Based on the data from the national rice variety test in South China during 2008-2012, correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the agronomic characteristics and yield of 220 indica hybrid rice in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in five years The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between the effective panicle number, the total grain number per panicle and the seed setting rate, and the most significant contribution to the yield was the seed setting rate. There was a significant negative correlation between 1000-grain weight and yield. In the process of hybrid rice breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the relationship between yield components and the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight should be balanced with the total panicles per panicle and the seed setting rate, and a good population structure should be established to exert the potential of medium-yielding indica varieties . Based on all kinds of high-yielding combinations with more than 9 t / hm2 of mid-late indica hybrid rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the yield structure was as follows: the effective spike number reached about 2.55 million / hm2, the plant height was below 122 cm, 180 to 200 grains, seed setting rate above 80%, grain weight about 27 g.