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造标埋石问题在大地测量业务中是一个重要问题，造埋经费在大地测量经费开支中约占70％以上，觇标设计和施工质量的优劣不但关系到材料的节约或浪费，而且直接影响到观测成果的精度。我国军委测绘局和其他业务单位几年以来，在作业过程中对于造标埋石方面已做了不少改进，例如，木标方面已由四腿标改为三腿标，钢标方面也在美国毕氏钢标的设计基础上作某些修正。另外为着替国家节省金属材料，军委测绘局又设计一种瓷质标志来代替金属标志（这种瓷质标志对防御土壤的腐蚀有特别的意义）。这些改进都为国家节省了一定的经费，为人民建设事业做出不少贡献。但是不可否认，我们现在的觇标设计和施工质量方面还存在有不少缺点，特别是缺乏结合我国的具体情况来进行理论的设计，关于三腿标和四腿标以及觇标的结构方面也还有值得商榷的余地。我们经过几个月的勘察和初步的研究，就这方面提一些意见以供参考。本文内容共分为三方面：一、觇标图形的选择。主要讨论三腿标和四腿标的优缺点和选择觇标图形的意见。二、觇标扭转的初步研究。为了进一步研究三腿和四腿标扭转的情况和它对角度观测精度的影响以供选择觇标图形的参考，我们在这方面做了一些工作。本节将研究过程的具体情况和扭转成果加以报导。三、觇标?
The problem of making and marking buried stones is an important issue in the geodetic business. Buried funds make up more than 70% of the geodetic expenditures. The quality of design and construction not only concerns the material saving or waste, but also directly Affect the accuracy of the observation results. For several years, China’s CMC Surveying and Mapping Bureau and other business units have done a lot of improvements in the course of making sculptures and burying stone. For example, the wooden standard has been changed from four-legged to three-legged, American Piedmont steel standard design for some amendments. In addition to saving metal materials for the country, the CMC’s Surveying and Mapping Bureau has also designed a porcelain sign to replace the metal sign (this porcelain sign has special significance for the defense of soil erosion). All these improvements have saved the country a certain amount of funds and made a lot of contributions to people’s construction. However, it is undeniable that there are still many shortcomings in our current design and construction quality. In particular, there is a lack of theoretical design in light of the specific conditions in our country. As for the structure of the three-legged and four-legged beacons and the superscript There is room for debate. After several months of investigation and preliminary research, we put forward some suggestions in this regard for reference. This article is divided into three aspects: First, the choice of standard graphics. The main discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the three-legged and four-legged standard and the choice of standard graphics advice. Second, a preliminary study of superscript superscript. In order to further study the twisting of the legs and legs and the impact on the accuracy of angular observation for reference, we have done some work in this respect. This section reports on the details of the research process and the outcome of the reversal. Third, the standard?