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目的了解近5年来四川省钩端螺旋体病流行特征,为有效控制钩端螺旋体病的发生和流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2011-2015年四川钩端螺旋体病疫情和监测资料进行分析。结果 2011-2015年共报告四川省钩端螺旋体病409例,年发病率在0.06~0.17/10万,死亡4人。7-10月是本病流行季节,9月是发病高峰。职业分布以农民为主,其发病人数占全部病例的90.22%。病例男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.99∶1。野外鼠密度介于4.67%~6.22%,短尾鼩为优势鼠种;流行的主要菌群是黄疸出血群,主要流行形式是稻田型。结论传统的监测点没有覆盖现在的高发县;当前钩体病的控制主要在于大力宣传预防知识,改变农民耕作习惯,采取防护措施,切断传播途径,或者接种钩体病疫苗。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in Sichuan Province during the past five years and provide a scientific basis for the effective control of the occurrence and prevalence of leptospirosis. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation and monitoring data of leptospirosis in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2015. Results A total of 409 cases of leptospirosis were reported in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2015, with an annual incidence of 0.06 ~ 0.17 / 100,000 and 4 deaths. July-October is the epidemic season of the disease, September is the peak incidence. Occupation distribution mainly farmers, the incidence of all cases accounted for 90.22%. More males than females, male to female ratio was 1.99: 1. Field rat density was 4.67% ~ 6.22%, Mackerel is dominant mouse species; epidemic of the main flora is jaundice bleeding group, the main form of popularization is paddy field type. Conclusion The traditional monitoring points do not cover the current high prevalence counties. The current control of leptospirosis is mainly to vigorously promote prevention knowledge, change farmers’ farming habits, take protective measures, cut off the route of transmission, or vaccinate leptospirosis vaccines.