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[目的]了解福州市工业企业有机溶剂使用情况,为有效开展有机溶剂职业病危害防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]2011年4月—2012年4月,使用自制的企业职业卫生调查表,对福州市46家工业企业使用有机溶剂的情况和控制措施实施情况进行问卷调查,并对作业场所空气中有机溶剂浓度进行检测分析。[结果]被检测分析的13种有机溶剂中,浓度高于国家职业接触限值8h时间加权平均浓度的有:甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、乙酸丁酯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯和溶剂汽油;有机溶剂使用行业超标情况涉及家具、工艺品、印刷与涂料、制鞋、汽车和电子企业;有机溶剂接触岗位超标的为喷漆/调漆、印刷、配料分装、清洗和刷胶/刷处理剂5类。大型企业职业病危害预防措施较完善,中小企业预防措施较薄弱,常见问题为通风排毒设施不全、个人防护用品发放不足、工作场所布局不合理和不重视作业工人职业健康检查。[结论]福州市使用有机溶剂的企业行业分布广,涉及岗位多,有机溶剂使用种类多;应加强对重点行业(如家具企业等)、重点接触岗位(如喷漆/调漆等)有机溶剂危害的预防,并加强中小企业通风排毒、工艺改革等职业病危害预防措施建设。
[Objective] To understand the use of organic solvents in industrial enterprises in Fuzhou and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of occupational hazards of organic solvents. [Methods] From April 2011 to April 2012, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the use of organic solvents by 46 industrial enterprises in Fuzhou and the implementation of control measures using a self-made questionnaire of occupational health in enterprises. Solvent concentration test analysis. [Result] Toluene, xylene, acetone, butyl acetate, butanone, ethyl acetate and solvent gasoline were the 13 kinds of organic solvents tested and analyzed. The weighted average concentrations over the 8 h time limit of national occupational exposure included: Organic solvents used in the industry over the situation involving furniture, handicrafts, printing and coating, footwear, automotive and electronics companies; organic solvents exposure to post exceeded the paint / paint, printing, dispensing, cleaning and brushing / brush treatment agent 5 class. The prevention of occupational hazards in large-scale enterprises is relatively complete. The precautionary measures for SMEs are relatively weak. The common problems are inadequate ventilation and detoxification facilities, inadequate distribution of personal protective equipment, unreasonable layout of workplaces, and neglect of professional occupational health examinations for workers. [Conclusion] The enterprises using organic solvents in Fuzhou are widely distributed, involving many jobs and many types of organic solvents. The hazards of organic solvents such as key industries (such as furniture enterprises) and key contacts (such as painting / leaching paint) should be strengthened Prevention, and strengthen SME ventilation detoxification, process reform and other occupational hazards prevention measures.