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目的探讨洗洁精对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响及生化和遗传机制。方法将不同浓度(10、13、16和25 mg/ml)的洗洁精分别处理要萌发的小麦种子,以自来水处理的种子作为对照组,每个处理重复4次,共做3次重复实验。4 d后统计发芽率,7 d时测量芽长、根长和须根数。测量根中过氧化物酶(POD)和叶片中还原糖的含量。将长出的幼根用上述各浓度的洗洁精浸润24 h后,按常规制片法,计算有丝分裂指数,观察染色质形态。结果随着洗洁精浓度的增加,小麦种子的发芽率、根长、芽长和须根数明显的降低,与对照相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着洗洁精浓度的增加,根中的POD活性呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,小麦叶片中葡萄糖含量逐渐减低,有丝分裂指数显著降低,对染色质造成的伤害逐渐增加。结论洗洁精对小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长存在抑制效应,造成小麦生化改变和遗传损伤,其毒性程度存在剂量效应。
Objective To investigate the effect of detergents on the germination and seedling growth of wheat and its biochemical and genetic mechanisms. Methods Seeds of wheat germinated at different concentrations (10, 13, 16 and 25 mg / ml) were germinated separately and tap water-treated seeds were used as the control group. Each treatment was repeated 4 times and a total of 3 repeated experiments . After 4 days, the germination rate was calculated, and the bud length, root length and fibrous number were measured on the 7th day. The contents of peroxidase (POD) and reducing sugar in leaves were measured. Will grow the young root with the above concentration of detergent infiltration for 24 h, according to the conventional method of preparation, calculation of mitotic index observed chromatin morphology. Results As the concentration of detergents increased, the germination rate, root length, shoot length and number of fibrous roots of wheat seeds decreased significantly compared with the control (P <0.01). With the increase of detergent concentration, the activity of POD in roots showed a gradual increase trend. The content of glucose in wheat leaves gradually decreased, the mitotic index decreased significantly, and the damage to chromatin increased gradually. Conclusions Detergent has inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of wheat seeds, resulting in the biochemical changes and genetic damage of wheat and the dose-effect of toxicity.