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尽管慈善伦理与分配正义都有重新分配社会财富的效果,但需要注意的是,它们是看似接近实则迥异的两个概念。分配正义指向人权,由公共权力予以保证。慈善伦理则指向人道,建立的基础是道德情感。当我们探讨二者的分殊时,很有必要对塞缪尔·弗莱施哈克尔的《分配正义简史》予以关注。通过对分配正义历史简明扼要的回顾,弗莱施哈克尔力图引导人们清晰地区分正义与慈善,以免概念不清引起对二者权界的认识混乱。对于现代社会而言,区分清楚分配正义和慈善伦理两个概念各自的权界,才能准确区分它们在社会财富第三次分配中的方式和作用有什么不同。
Although both philanthropic ethics and distributive justice have the effect of redistributing social wealth, it is important to note that they are two concepts that appear to be near real but different. Distributive justice points to human rights and is guaranteed by public power. Philanthropy ethics points to humanity, based on moral feelings. When we discuss the differences between the two, it is necessary to pay attention to Samuel Freschhacker’s “Brief History of Distributive Justice.” Through a brief and concise review of the history of distributive justice, Flesch-Haarleer seeks to lead people to clearly distinguish between justice and charity, so as to avoid confusion of concepts that cause confusion in the power of the two. For modern society, the distinction between the two powers of distributive justice and philanthropic ethics can distinguish exactly the ways and effects they have in the third distribution of social wealth.