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河水中的金属离子,在一定条件下由于吸附、络合、离子交换等作用,将部分进入河流悬浮体中。当水环境理化条件变化时,部分金属离子又可通过扩散、解吸、溶解、氧化还原和络合等作用从悬浮体中重返水相;或通过絮凝、共沉淀等作用进入河流沉积物中。这些作用的方式和程度,主要取决于河水理化条件的变化和悬浮体中重金属的化学形态及结合类型。过去,在测定河水中各种元素时,往往没有将水相与悬浮相分开。然而,只知道其在每相中总浓度是不够的,测定和研究其赋存的化学形态更为重要。
River water metal ions, under certain conditions due to adsorption, complexation, ion exchange, etc., will be part of the river into the suspension. When the physical and chemical conditions of the water environment change, some metal ions can re-enter the aqueous phase from the suspension by diffusion, desorption, dissolution, redox and complexation, or enter the river sediment through flocculation and coprecipitation. The mode and degree of these effects mainly depend on the change of physical and chemical conditions of the river and the chemical forms of the heavy metals in the suspension as well as the type of combination. In the past, the determination of various elements in river water often did not separate the aqueous phase from the suspended phase. However, it is not enough to know the total concentration in each phase. It is more important to measure and study the chemical forms in which it occurs.