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流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)是由脑膜炎双球菌引起的一种冬春季急性传染病,严重威胁儿童的生命和健康。流脑的预防问题,早为人们所关注。从理论上讲,流脑是人与人间的传染病,人是唯一传染源,提高人群对流脑菌的特异性抵抗力,降低人群的易感性,能达到预防和阻止流行的目的。研究菌苗特异性免疫,在过去几十年期间,因抗原纯度和现场考核的设计以及病例的检测和诊断手段等因素的不完善,均未获得满意的结果;1969年 Gotschlish 等研究成功多糖菌苗后,菌苗的免疫预防工作发展很好,国内在使用流脑提纯荚膜多糖菌苗(多糖菌苗)预防方面,也取得了很好的效果。现将菌苗免疫预防的概况,作一介绍:
Epidemic meningococcal meningitis (hereinafter referred to as meningitis) is caused by meningococcal acute infection in winter and spring, a serious threat to children’s life and health. The prevention of meningitis, as early as people’s attention. In theory, meningitis is a contagious disease between people and humans. People are the only source of infection, increasing the specific resistance of the population to meningococci, reducing the susceptibility of the population, and preventing and preventing epidemic. Studying bacterin-specific immunity has not yielded satisfactory results over the past few decades due to factors such as the purity of antigen and the design of on-site examinations, as well as the detection and diagnosis of cases and other factors. Satisfactory results were obtained in 1969 by Gotschlish et al. Vaccination, vaccine immunization to prevent the development of good, the use of meningitis in the purification of capsular polysaccharide vaccine (polysaccharide vaccine) prevention, but also achieved good results. Vaccine now immunoprophylaxis profile, made an introduction: