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目的了解我县人间疫情及鼠间疫情动态,为EHF的预防提供依据。方法采用个案调查表,恢复期病人血清抗体检测,获得发病率、病死率、人群及年龄分布、季节分布、血清学检测结果;选择有代表性的行政自然村,对其野外和室内进行鼠密度监测、鼠种及鼠带毒调查。结果1982-2008年,全县共发生EHF病例5973例,以20-40岁年龄段较高,男性占68.21%,女性占31.79%,男女之比2.15∶1,职业以农民为主,占96.6%。本病形成春冬两个高峰,春峰高于冬峰。恢复期病人血清抗体检测,阳性率95.2%。室内以褐家鼠为主,其次是小家鼠,野外以大仓鼠为主,其次为黑线姬鼠。野外大仓鼠带毒率最高(11.59%),室内褐家鼠带毒率最高(11.18%),经统计学检验,野外和室内鼠带毒率无统计学意义(x2=0.0026;P>0.05)。结论通过鼠种及鼠带毒调查及该病两个发病高峰,春峰高于冬峰,提示我县流行性出血热是以家鼠型为主的混合型疫区,大仓鼠为野外优势鼠种,褐家鼠为室内优势鼠种,且带毒率高,是本病的主要传染源。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation in our county and the epidemic situation in rats, providing the basis for the prevention of EHF. Methods The case-control questionnaire and convalescent serum antibody test were used to get the incidence, fatality rate, population and age distribution, seasonal distribution and serological test results. A representative administrative natural village was selected to monitor the density of its field and indoor , Rat species and rat poisoning investigation. Results From 1982 to 2008, 5973 EHF cases occurred in the county, with a high incidence in the age group of 20-40 years old, accounting for 68.21% of all males, 31.79% of females and 2.15:1 of males and females, occupying 96.6% %. The disease formed two peaks in spring and winter, Chunfeng higher than winter peak. Convalescent patient serum antibody test, the positive rate of 95.2%. Rattus mainly indoors, followed by Mus musculus, mainly in the wild hamster, followed by Apodemus. In the field, the highest rate of banding in brown hamster was (11.59%) and the rate of banding in brown house was the highest (11.18%). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of banding between wild and indoor rats (x2 = 0.0026; . Conclusions The investigation of rat and mouse poisoning and peak incidence of the disease showed that Chunfeng is higher than that of Dongfeng, suggesting that epidemic hemorrhagic fever in our county is a mixed-type epidemic zone mainly dominated by domestic mice. Species, Rattus norvegicus indoor dominant rat species, and the high rate of poisoning is the main source of infection of the disease.