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夏玉米发育不同阶段对旱涝灾害的敏感性不同,明确最敏感时段和了解不同时段间敏感性的定量差异将能为玉米生产中的趋利避害提供依据。以黄淮海流域夏玉米为研究对象,利用WOFOST作物生长模型,分析了夏玉米生长对初始土壤含水量、不同发育时段降水量和根层土壤含水量等水分条件的敏感性。结果表明,夏玉米对干旱的敏感时段依次为抽雄-乳熟期、出苗-七叶期以及拔节-抽雄期,对涝渍的敏感时段主要为出苗-七叶期、拔节-抽雄期以及七叶-拔节期。初始土壤含水量比降水量对玉米最终生物量的影响更大,前者降低50%可能导致夏玉米减产14.5%。
Different stages of summer maize development sensitivity to droughts and floods, clear the most sensitive period and to understand the quantitative differences between different periods of sensitivity will provide the basis for maize production to avoid disadvantages. Taking the summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai basin as the research object, this paper analyzed the sensitivity of summer maize growth to initial soil moisture content, precipitation at different developmental stages and soil moisture content in the root layer using WOFOST crop growth model. The results showed that the sensitive period of summer maize to drought was tasseling - milk ripening, emergence - seven - leaf stage and jointing - tasseling stage, and the sensitive periods to waterlogging were mainly emergence - the seven - leaf stage, the jointing - tasseling stage and the seven - - Jointing period. The effect of initial soil moisture content on the final biomass of maize was greater than that of precipitation. A 50% reduction in the former could lead to a 14.5% reduction in summer maize yield.